基于距离信息的行人协同导航研究

针对行人在室内导航中GPS信息无法获取以及纯惯导解算结果发散严重的问题,提出了通过协同导航的方式提高行人室内导航精度的方法.利用行人间的相对距离约束关系,抑制纯惯导解算结果的发散.详细推导了行人协同导航的模型,采用信息滤波的方法解算导航结果,并在理论推导中发现信息滤波更加适合行人协同导航的工程实践.设计了一种使用微型惯性测量器和超宽带测距设备的行人协同导航系统,进行实际效果验证.通过数据采集与处理,将行人导航轨迹图输出,分析协同导航以及单独导航的误差,验证协同导航的有效性.实验结果表明,协同导航与单独导航相比,对导航轨迹和导航误差有更好的修正效果.     

Plastic deformation analysis and forming quality prediction of tube NC bending

Plane strain assumption and exponent hardening law are used to investigate the plastic deformation in tube bending. Some theoretical formulae including stress, curvature radius of neu-tral layer, angle of neutral layer deviation, bending moment, wall thickness variation and cross-section distortion, are developed to explain the phenomena in tube bending and their magnitudes are also determined. During unloading process, the springback angle is deduced using the virtual work principle, and springback radius is also given according to the length of the neutral layer which remains unchanged before and after springback. The theoretical formulae are validated by the experimental results or the validated simulation results in literature, which can be used to quickly predict the forming quality of tube numerical control (NC) bending.     

Investigation of phase transition-based tethered systems for small body sample capture

This paper summarizes the modeling, simulation, and testing work related to the development of technology to investigate the potential that shape memory actuation has to provide mechanically simple and affordable solutions for delivering assets to a surface and for sample capture and possible return to Earth. We investigate the structural dynamics and controllability aspects of an adaptive beam carrying an end-effector which, by changing material equilibrium phases, is able to actively decouple the end-effector dynamics from the spacecraft dynamics during the surface contact phase. Asset delivery and sample capture and return are at the heart of several emerging potential missions to small bodies, such as asteroids and comets, and to the surface of large bodies, such as Titan.     

基于响应面近似技术的平流层飞艇协同设计优化

针对平流层飞艇多学科设计优化问题,引入协同优化算法,分析基于响应面近似模型的协同优化方法CO/RSA的执行步骤和特点,并介绍响应面近似模型的构建方法;建立平流层飞艇各学科模型,并对学科间耦合关系进行分析;运用建立的气动/推进、结构、能源三个耦合子系统的学科分析模型和系统优化模型,以平流层飞艇总质量最小为优化目标,综合考虑浮重、推阻和能源平衡,采用CO/RSA方法对平流层飞艇进行设计优化.结果表明:所建立的平流层飞艇的MDO模型是合理的,CO/RSA算法应用于飞艇总体设计优化是有效的,研究结果可为平流层飞艇方案论证和方案设计提供参考.     

C/SiC复合材料反射镜研究进展

反射镜在空间光学系统中起着非常关键的作用,目前已发展到第四代C/SiC复合材料。C/SiC复合材料具有低密度、高模高强、结构设计灵活等优点,已成为非常重要的新型反射镜材料。本文对四代反射镜的特点进行了归纳和对比,对C/SiC复合材料反射镜的结构设计、几种常用的制备工艺进行了整理和总结,并对目前国内外的研究进展进行了综述。     

针栓式喷注器锥形液膜破碎特性试验

采用高速摄影获得了针栓式喷注器在不同喷注压降和结构参数下的表面波破碎图像,测量了锥形液膜的破碎长度和破碎时间,研究了变工况时液膜破碎长度和破碎时间的变化规律.试验结果表明:在喷注压降不变的条件下,针栓式喷注器能够实现流量的线性调节.针栓式喷注器设计时,在合理的推进剂动量比范围内,狭缝宽度应尽量取小.液膜在低工况时破碎得更快.液膜破碎长度和破碎时间均随喷注压降的增加而减小.      

Parachute dynamics and perturbation analysis of precision airdrop system

To analyze the parachute dynamics and stability characteristics of precision airdrop system,the fluid–structure interaction(FSI) dynamics coupling with the flight trajectory of a parachute–payload system is comprehensively predicted by numerical methods.The inflation behavior of a disk-gap-band parachute is specifically investigated using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Euler(ALE) penalty coupling method.With the available aerodynamic data obtained from the FSI simulation,a nine-degree-of-freedom(9DOF) dynamic model of a parachute–payload system is built and solved to simulate the descent trajectory of the multi-body dynamic system.Finally,a linear five-degree-of-freedom(5DOF) dynamic model is developed,the perturbation characteristics and the motion laws of the parachute and payload under a wind gust are analyzed by the linearization method and verified by a comparison with flight test data.The results of airdrop test demonstrate that our method can be further applied to the guidance and control of precision airdrop systems.     

A novel biased proportional navigation guidance law for close approach phase

A novel biased proportional navigation guidance (BPNG) law is proposed for the close approach phase, which aims to make the spacecraft rendezvous with the target in specific relative range and direction. Firstly, in order to describe the special guidance requirements, the concept of zero effort miss vector is proposed and the dangerous area where there exists collision risk for safety consideration is defined. Secondly, the BPNG, which decouples the range control and direc-tion control, is designed in the line-of-sight (LOS) rotation coordinate system. The theoretical anal-ysis proves that BPNG meets guidance requirements quite well. Thirdly, for the consideration of fuel consumption, the optimal biased proportional navigation guidance (OBPNG) law is derived by solving the Schwartz inequality. Finally, simulation results show that BPNG is effective for the close approach with the ability of evading the dangerous area and OBPNG consumes less fuel compared with BPNG.     

超声速混合层在强迫振动下流场结构的实验研究

通过可控振动系统激励双喷管后的薄平板,采用基于纳米粒子的平面激光散射技术(NPLS)观测超声速混合层流场结构。控制薄平板的频率和振幅,结合边缘检测技术研究了超声速混合层大尺度结构的发展和演化规律。实验结果表明:强迫振动对超声速混合层流场结构以及混合效率有重要的影响。与无振动相比,强迫振动增强了混合层的三维特性,混合层的失稳位置提前;同时,强迫振动促进了上下两层流动的掺混,高频振动下混合层增长速度提高约50%,有效增强了混合。     

基于自适应网格的超声速液体射流破碎过程研究

为研究超声速气流中液体横向射流的破碎过程,采用脉冲背景光方法和VOF方法开展了实验和数值研究。为提高液体横向射流中气液界面和气流场特征捕捉的精确性,采用自适应网格技术对于气液界面、激波出现位置进行网格细化,计算得到了较为精细的气液界面、激波特征及涡系结构。研究结果表明:在低成本仿真模拟条件下,利用自适应网格计算得到的射流轨迹和轮廓与实验吻合较好,射流轨迹的最大误差为10%;射流初始段在超声速气流条件下,仍然存在一段高度约为1.9倍喷孔直径且圆柱形态保持较好的连续光滑液柱。随着喷注压降的升高,液柱的长度逐渐增大;主流气体流经液柱发生三维绕流,在射流附近和近壁面区域形成不断演化的反转涡对,反转涡对的形成加速了液体射流一次破碎过程。